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5000 BC |
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1500 BC | 
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27 BC-AD 14 |
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11th CENTURY |
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16th 17th CENTURY |
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1910 |
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1942 |
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1959 |
A
BRIEF HISTORY OF GLASS
(as per information available on records
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Natural Glass has existed since the beginning of time, formed when certain types of rocks melt as a result of high-temperature phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, lightening strikes or the impact of meteorites, and then cool and solidify rapidly. |
5000 BC
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EARLY
HOLLOW GLASS PRODUCTION
During 1500 BC, Egyptian craftsmen are known to have begun developing a method for producing glass pots by dipping a core mould of compacted sand into molten glass and then turning the mould so that molten glass adhered to it. |
1500 BC
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A major breakthrough in glassmaking was the discovery of glassblowing some time between 27 BC and AD 14, attributed to Syrian craftsmen from the Sidon-Babylon area. The long thin metal tube used in the blowing process has changed very little since then. In the last century BC, the ancient Romans then began blowing glass inside moulds, greatly increasing the variety of shapes possible for hollow glass items. |
27 BC-AD 14
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SHEET
GLASS SKILLS
The 11 th century also saw the development by German glass craftsmen of a technique - then further developed by Venetian craftsmen in the 13 th century for the production of glass sheets. By blowing a hollow glass sphere and swinging it vertically, gravity would pull the glass into a cylindrical "pod" measuring as much as 3 meters long, with a width of upto 45 cm. |
11 TH CENTURY
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16-17 Century saw the need for injectible medicines and an injection was invented by Wren (1632-1723) who was the injection pioneer. Further such injections required a suitable glass container to store such injectible medicines. |
16th 17th CENTURY
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NEUTRAL GLASS
A key figure and one of the forefathers of modern glass research was the German scientist Otto Schott (1851 - 1935), who used scientific methods to study the effects of numerous chemical elements on the optical and thermal properties of glass. In the field of optical glass, Schott teamed up with Ernst Abbe (1840-1905), a professor at the University of Jena and joint owner of the Carl Zeiss firm, to make significant technological advances. It seems that during the Russo-Japanese war in 1904, the Ministry of imperial Army ordered one million ampoules which were found unacceptable as a test proved that an unfavourable amount of Alkaline came out of the inner surface of the Ampoules. It was then in 1910 that Jena Schott Glass works of Germany developed borosilicate glass especially for Ampoules & Vials for Injectibles. |
1910
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By the end of the 19th century, an American engineer Michael Owens (1859-1923) had already invented an automatic bottle blowing machine. During the years 1937-1942 Ampoule for injectible medicines were made manually. It was then, Dr. J. Dichter of Germany who made vertical type automatic Ampoule making machine. |
1942
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Prior to 1959, Ampoules in India were by and large made manually. It was then an Indian Science Graduate Nand kishore Mehra founded Kishore Industries at Vikhroli a suburb of Bombay, with the aim of making Ampoules and vials on mass-scale by importing vertical-type automatic ampoule and vial making machines from Ambeg DR.J.Dichter, GMBH of Germany.
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1959
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Conclusion : Although this brief history is upto mid 20th century, time moves on. With every new technological evolution, a new chapter is added to history. There still exists high potentials in areas like computerized control Systems, coating techniques, solar control technology etc.....The Progress Continues..... |
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